苏州古城区水体污染时空分异特征及污染源解析

利用2012年苏州古城区30个监测断面的11个水质指标数据,综合运用水质指数模型(WQI)、层次聚类(HCA)、后退式判别(DA)、因子分析(FA)、绝对主成分多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)及GIS平台系统分析了旅游城市苏州古城区河网水体污染物时空分异特征及污染源解析.结果表明:①苏州古城区内城河及外围河道水体的CCME WQI值介于40~74之间,其中,66.67%的监测点水环境遭到严重破坏,主要集中在内城河河道;②系统聚类分析将采样时间分为1—3月、11月及4—6月、7—10月3个时段;将采样点分为2类,从空间上反映了古城区内城河与外围河道的污染程度;③采样时间和采样点聚类分析结果的判别分析交叉验证,正确率分别达到88.1%和78.5%;表征时间差异性用了7个指标,分别为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解氧(DO)、水温(T)、高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)、藻密度(Algae density)、叶绿素(Chl),表征空间差异性用了5个指标,分别为总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)、溶解氧(DO)、浊度(Turb)、水温(T);显著性指标的时空差异性比较明显;④古城区内城河河道在1—3月、11月及4—6月、7—10月3个时段内的因子分析分别提取4、3和4个因子,累积解释方差分别为83.64%、72.67%和77.98%;古城区外围河道在全年内的因子分析提取了3个因子,累积解释了62.28%的总方差;因子分析表明,古城区内城河及外围河道主要为氮、磷等营养物质污染及夏季藻类爆发的问题,与古城区外围河道相比内城河河道的污染更为严重,应优先开展治理;内城河氮、磷污染除了有来自生活、餐饮旅游等第三产业的污染外,还受到降雨地表径流及河道底泥释放的非点源污染影响;⑤绝对主成分多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)表明,总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)和高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)主要来自城市生活及餐饮旅游等第三产业污水.研究结果可为苏州古城区河道水环境改善治理提供参考.     

关于菹藻浜水环境污染的调查研究与思考

菹藻浜是位于上海市北部宝山区境内最重要的骨干河道,作为苏州河的主要支流,菹藻浜由于长期承担调水排污功能而水质污染较为严重。针对蕴藻浜流域的水环境污染问题,通过实地调查、污染源普查结果和环境监测数据等多源调查研究,揭示蕴藻浜水环境的污染现状并提出相应的水污染治理建议。     

改进的模糊综合评价法及在河道水质评价中的应用研究

基于传统模糊综合评价法权重和最大隶属度原则的不足,建立改进的模糊综合评价法,采用超标倍数法和熵权法组合确定权重,并以加权平均得分BT作为同级别水质优劣比较和水质类别判定的依据,最后用改进的方法对苏州古城区2013年河道水质进行综合评价.结果表明:苏州古城区水质整体较好,水质以Ⅲ、Ⅳ类为主.但水质空间变异明显,呈现出城北水质比城南好,主河道水质比小河道好的特点.与传统的模糊综合评价相比,改进的模糊综合评价法弥补了传统方法的缺陷.     

苏州市区危险品应急监测管理信息系统

为快速查询市区危险品的相关信息 ,提高应急监测的及时性、针对性、准确性 ,提出了应用计算机技术 ,建立苏州市区危险品应急监测管理信息系统 ,并对该系统的工作程序、工作内容和使用功能进行了阐述。     

开发区实施循环经济的环境管理探讨--以苏州高新区为例

以苏州高新区为例，指出了主要环境问题，分析了实施循环经济的环境管理现状及不足，并重点提出了实施循环经济的环境管理对策，为开发区按循环经济的规律运行作了有益的探索，也为循环经济的顺利开展提供了科学依据。     

苏州高新区电子信息业循环经济发展的对策

本论文以产业生态学的角度和循环经济的理念，剖析了苏州高新区电子信息业的现状及问题。继而分别从企业、行业、社会这三个层面重点提出了苏州高新区电子信息业发展循环经济的对策。为其按循环经济的规律运行作了有益的探索，也为其循环经济的顺利开展提供了科学依据。     

苏州河环境整治二期工程水质影响数值模拟

简述了苏州河概况、苏州河环境综合整治工程和一期工程所取得的成果，提出二期工程重点。为论证二期重点工程及其目标的合理性和可达性，应用苏州河水系水动力水质模型对二期工程措施的水质影响进行了数值模拟，模拟方案包括截污、底泥疏浚、综合调水等。通过计算和分析对二期工程目标的设定进行了论证，结果表明，二期工程实施后，苏州河水质总体上可以实现既定目标。     

基于位置大数据的村域尺度多功能性评价——以苏州市为例

村域尺度的多功能性评价对于揭示乡村空间由同质性向异质性分化发展具有重要意义。研究将探索乡村空间行为主体的活动变化作为多功能性评价的新思路,基于位置大数据反映的人类活动规律,构建了乡村空间居住、就业和消费三大功能指数,并就苏州市以农业和生态用地为主的陆巷村和众安桥村、建设用地为主的集善村和周泾村进行了实证分析。结果显示：具有相似区位条件和地域特征的乡村空间在工作日、双休日、节假日表现出不同的主导功能,可进一步划分为农旅结合型、兼业竞争型,以及现代园区型、城镇生活型。作为大数据方法在乡村地理学领域的一次有益尝试,研究结论可为乡村振兴战略提出的分类推进乡村发展提供科学借鉴。     

Discriminating between Copper and Silver Mill Tailings in Silver Bow Creek Overbank Deposits,Butte, Montana,U.S.A.

Mining of the Butte deposit evolved over 100 years from placer mining starting in 1864 through silver mining to copper mining in the 1900s. Tailings resulting from milling during the period 1876-1924 were typically sluiced into the adjacent Silver Bow Creek (SBC) where they were washed downstream. The most significant flood event in 1908, among others, resulted in emplacement of approximately 2.9 m tons of sediment intermixed with tailings as overbank deposits along SBC between Butte and the Warm Springs Ponds. Apportioning the associated costs was contingent in part on discriminating between ownership of liability for the silver and copper tailings, which together formed the most significant portion of the overbank deposits. Samples were collected of tailings end-members and SBC deposits and their characteristic mineralogy (e.g. galena for silver tailings, and enargite for copper tailings) used to ascertain mixing of the tailings along SBC. This analysis identified Pb as a signature element for silver tailings and Cu for copper tailings. Two-hundred and twenty-four Cu and Pb chemical analyses representing 43 transects through the overbank deposits along SBC allowed calculation of the proportional contribution of the end members for each integrated transect. Accumulating the volumes from each transect resulted in an apportionment of 53% copper and 47% silver tailings in the overbank deposits.     

A critical appraisal of PAH indices as indicators of PAH source and composition in Elelenwo Creek,southern Nigeria

The survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their relation to potential pollution sources were investigated in suspended particulate matter (SPM), surface waters, and sediments from Elelenwo Creek, southern Nigeria. Total PAH concentrations varied from 2,021.35 to 3,926.84 μg/kg dry weights in SPM and from 4,238.00 to 5,490.84 μg/kg dry weights in sediments. Furthermore, concentration levels of PAHs varied from 720.46 to 857.65 μg/l in the surface waters, which indicates that the aquatic ecosystem is polluted by PAHs. The 2, 3-ring PAHs were not dominant in SPM (34.73%), surface water (40.09%), and sediments (22.43%). While anthracene was more abundant, of the 2, 3-ring PAHs in SPM, the most abundant in the surface waters and sediments were fluorene and acenaphthylene. Four origin indices or concentration ratios of PAH isomer pairs were used to evaluate the suitability of these compounds as tracers to distinguish between the contamination arising from different sources. A critical appraisal of the PAH indices, therefore, suggested that biomass combustion is the major PAH source in the environmental matrices. Relative PAH patterns in the environmental matrices were also evaluated using principal component analysis, and were found to correlate with the PAH patterns of the different potential contamination sources.